Which of the circles in the middle is bigger? At first glance, the one on the left may appear bigger, but they are in fact the same size. Our coverage of biases and tendencies in perception is not exhaustive-there are many other biases and tendencies on our social perception. In this section, we will describe some common tendencies we engage in when perceiving objects or other people, and the consequences of such perceptions.
For example, one experiment showed that when people who were afraid of spiders were shown spiders, they inaccurately thought that the spider was moving toward them (Riskin, Moore, & Bowley, 1995). In fact, what we see in the environment may be objectively, flat-out wrong because of our personality, values, or emotions. So what we see in the environment is a function of what we value, our needs, our fears, and our emotions (Higgins & Bargh, 1987 Keltner, Ellsworth, & Edwards, 1993). If you are the parent of a picky eater, an advice column on toddler feeding may be the first thing you see when looking at the page. For example, have you ever noticed that while glancing at a newspaper or a news Web site, information that is interesting or important to you jumps out of the page and catches your eye? If you are a sports fan, while scrolling down the pages you may immediately see a news item describing the latest success of your team. Our perception of the environment is not entirely rational. We go beyond the information that is present in our environment, pay selective attention to some aspects of the environment, and ignore other elements that may be immediately apparent to other people. What makes human perception so interesting is that we do not solely respond to the stimuli in our environment. Perception may be defined as the process with which individuals detect and interpret environmental stimuli. We interpret our environment, formulate responses, and act accordingly. Our behavior is not only a function of our personality, values, and preferences, but also of the situation. Explain what attributions mean, how we form attributions, and their consequences for organizational behavior.Describe the biases inherent in perception of other people.Describe the biases of self-perception.Describe how we perceive visual objects and how these tendencies may affect our behavior.Understand the influence of self in the process of perception.Why self-esteem is important for mental health. Low self-esteem for physical appearance mediates the effect of body mass index on smoking initiation among adolescents. Murphy CM, Janssen T, Colby SM, Jackson KM.
Physical activity and self-esteem: testing direct and indirect relationships associated with psychological and physical mechanisms. Zamani Sani SH, Fathirezaie Z, Brand S, et al.
(eds.) Proceedings of the International Conference on Science, Technology and Social Sciences (ICSTSS). In: Kasim A, Wan Omar W, Abdul Razak N, Wahidah Musa N, Ab Halim R, Mohamed S. Model of self-esteem, job-search intensity and career decision-making self-efficacy for undergraduate students. Norida A, Tajudin NM, Kalthom H, Jano Z, Sharif M, Shahrulanuar M. The relationship of emotional intelligence with self-esteem and academic progress. Self esteem check: Too low or just right? Self-esteem development from young adulthood to old age: a cohort-sequential longitudinal study. Age and gender differences in self-esteem-a cross-cultural window. Raising low self-esteem.īleidorn W, Arslan RC, Denissen JJ, et al. Self-esteem.ĪPA Dictionary of Psychology.
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